| Question | Answer |
| convergence- | animals may look the same but only because they live in the same environment (ex. dolphins are closer to humans than they are to sharks). |
| vestigial structures- | structures that prove they have common ancestry. (salamander- whale- boa constrictor. shows they have back limbs) |
| homologous structures vs. analogous structures | homologous show common ancestry ex. legs. 2. analogous show different ancestry. ex. wings. |
| What was important about darwin finding the fossils of marine life in the Andes? | it proved his theory that the world has existed a lot longer than percieved |
| the process of evolutionary theory by Darwin and Wallace | 1. individual variation (w/in a species). 2. some of that ind. variation is heritable (can be passed to offspring). 3. only some individuals survive to have offspring. 4. survival is dependent on characteristics (color etc.). |
| 6 laws of the theory of evolution | biological growth, reproduction, inheritance, variation (ind. variation w/in species), population pressure, and struggle for existance |
| divergence | change to a new species |
| What is Darwin's theory? | Origins of species- 1. all organisms descended, with modification, from a common ancestor. 2. descent with modification= natural selection |
| What two characteristics did Thomas Malthus propose? | 1. every species has a tendency to over populate beyond its resources. 2. nothing limits growth population except overcrowding and interfering with each others means of substinence |
| What did Alfred Wallace discover? | he came up with the idea of natural selection at the same time as Darwin. He also writes on the idea that different varieties can become new species. |
| What two mechanisms did Jean Lamarck wrongly propose? | 1. acquired characteristics can be inherited (giraffe). 2. spontaneous generation (how species originate. maggots ex.) |
| What did Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck discover? | the theory of evolution. simple => complex. stating that species change overtime and the environment has a role in that. |
| What is uniformitarianism? | the idea that geological processes of the past are still occuring |
| what did Georges Cuvier propose? | catastophism -extinction is caused by a series of catastrophes |
| What did James Hutton discover? | Geology- deposition cycles (layers come from deposition cycles- erosion, flood, etc.) |
| What did Buffon propose? | that the Earth is old (maybe everything isn't in the bible), and modification of species |
| Thanks to stratigraphy, for the first time... | people started relating fossils to living things |
| What is stratigraphy? | looking at different layers of rock and comparing them. |
| Fossils are discovered through... | geological field work |
| What did Newton discover? | Mechanical law |
| What did Copernicus discover? | heliocentric world view (we revolve around the sun) |
| What is Carolus Linneas known to have observed? 1700's | Scientific classification (classifying living organisms), binomial nomenclature (named and related things) |
| What were adaptations seen as during earlier times? | evidence of Gods beneficience |
| What is the role of natural science? | appreciation of creation- science was appreciating God |
| Examples of natural theology | incoporation of Plato's ideal forms, literal interpretation of the bible, special creation, all God creates is perfect, no extinctions |
| What is natural theology? | what people believed about evolution in early times |
| What did Plato propose? | the concept of form- there is an idealized form of every organism |
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