| Question | Answer |
| Great Theoretical Frameworks of Psychology | structuralism, functionalimsm, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and cognitivism |
| Great Debates of Psychology | nature-vs-nurture, free will vs determination, mind-body debate |
| Industrial-organizational psychologists | work in companies and busuinesses to help select productive employees, evaluate employee performance, examine the effects of different working or living conditions on people's behavior |
| Forensic psychologists | work in prisons, jails, and other settings to assess and diagnose inmates and assist with rehabilitation and treatment |
| Biopsycholoists | examine the psychiological bases of behavior in animals and humans (ex functioning of different brain areas) |
| Experimental Psychologists | use sophisticated research methods, like reation time equipment and high pwoered computers to study the memory, language and thinking of humans |
| Developmental psychologists | study why and how ppl change over time |
| School psychologists | work with teachers, parents, and children to remed students behavioral, emotional, and learning difficulties |
| Counseling psychologists | work with relatively normal people who are experiencing temporary or relatively self-contained life problems, like marital conflict, sexual difficulties, occupational stressor, or uncertainty about their careers |
| Psychiatrists | people who can dispense drugs for mental disorders |
| Clinical Psychologists | psychologists who focus on the assesment, diagnosis, causes, and treatments of mental disorders. most populous subspecialty. can't prescribe medications |
| Psychoanalysis | founded by Freud that focuses on internal psychological processes of which we're unaware |
| Cognition | mental processes involved in different aspects of thinking. Jean Piaget |
| Skinner | thoughts, feelings and observable behaviors all fall within the province of scientific psychology |
| Black box | terms sometimes used to describe behaviorists view of the mind, namely, an unknown entity that we don't need to understand to explain behavior |
| Behaviorism | focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking outside he organism |
| Functionalism | understand the adaptive purposes or functions of psycholigcal characteristics, such as thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. William James. Inspired by Darwin |
| systematic observation | psychology must rely on rigourous and carefully standardized reports, not on casual or informal impressions |
| Imageless Thought | thinking unaccompanied by conscious experience |
| Structuralism | aimed to identify the basic elements or structures of psychological experience. Edward Bradford Titchener. "map" of the elements of consciousness which consisted of sensations, images, and feelings |
| scientist-practitioner gap | divide between psychologists who belive that clinical practice should primarily be a science versus those who belive that clinical pracice should primarily be an art |
| Paranormal | events, like extrasensory perception that fall outside the boundaries of traditional science |
| Introspection | Wilhelm Wundt. 1st transition to psychology. method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences. |
| etic | approach of studying a culture's behavior from the perspective of an outsider |
| emic | approach of studying a culture's behavior from the perspective of an insider |
| Individual differences | variation among ppl in their thinking, emotion, and behavior |
| Reactivity | tendency for people to behave differently when they know they're being studied |
| Reflexivity | paradox referring to the fact that the human brain is trying to understand itself |
| Jangle Fallacy | error of assuming that measures that carry the same label necessarily assess the same thing |
| Reciprocal Determinism | tendency for people to mutually influence each other's behavior |
| multicollineariy | voerlap among different causes of behavior, often make it difficult to identif which cause or causes are operating |
| single variable explanations | explanations that try to account for complex behaviors in terms of only a single cause |
| Multiply determined | caused by many factors |
| Meehl's maxim | guideline that the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior |
| mysterians | people who believe that certain questions regarding human nature are unaswerable |
| Consciousness | how we become aware of our own existence |
| Sociotropes | believe that social factors like parenting practices and culture are most critical for understanding the causes of behavior |
| Biotropes | biological factors like the actions of the brain and its billions of nerve cells are most critical for understanding the cause of behavior |
| Psychology | study of the brain and mind |
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